What Is AC Refrigerant? (Types, Recharging & More)

AC refrigerant is at the heart of your air conditioning system, making it possible to produce that refreshing cool air we all rely on during the hottest days of the year. But how exactly does it work, and why is it so important? Whether you’re a homeowner learning about the basics of heating and cooling systems or exploring why your air conditioner is not performing as it should, understanding AC refrigerant is key.

This blog will cover:

• What AC refrigerant is and how it works in your system
• The different types of refrigerants used in modern air conditioning units and heat pumps
• How to identify potential leaks and what to do about recharging your refrigerant

By the end of this article, you’ll have a clear understanding of why AC refrigerant matters and what you can do to keep your HVAC system running efficiently year-round.

What Is AC Refrigerant and How Does It Work?

AC refrigerant is a chemical compound that absorbs heat from the air and releases it outside, allowing your home to stay cool. It’s critical to the performance of your air conditioner or heat pump because it drives the heat transfer process that makes cooling (and even heating in the case of heat pumps) possible.

Here’s a simple breakdown of how it works:

• Heat Absorption: The refrigerant starts in a low-pressure, low-temperature state inside the evaporator coil. Warm air from inside your home passes over these coils. The heat from the air is absorbed by the refrigerant.
• Compression: The refrigerant, now carrying the absorbed heat, moves to the compressor, where it is pressurized. This increases both its temperature and pressure.
• Heat Release: The high-pressure refrigerant travels to the condenser coils, typically located in the outdoor unit. Here, it releases the heat it absorbed earlier, cooling down in the process.
• Cycling Back: Finally, the refrigerant transforms back into a low-pressure, low-temperature state and repeats the cycle.

Without refrigerant, your HVAC system cannot create cool air. This entire process is what keeps your air conditioning or heat pump running effectively during those sweltering summer months.

Types of AC Refrigerants

Over the years, different types of AC refrigerants have been used in home cooling systems. However, as environmental awareness grows, regulations have shifted favor toward more eco-friendly refrigerants. Here are the main types you’ll come across:

R-22 (Freon)

For decades, R-22 was the most common refrigerant used in air conditioners. However, due to its harmful effects on the environment, it was phased out in the United States starting in 2020. Homeowners with older systems may still use R-22, but this refrigerant is increasingly expensive and difficult to source.

R-410A (Puron)

This refrigerant was introduced as a safer and more efficient replacement for R-22. Most modern air conditioners and heat pumps now use R-410A, which is not only better for the environment but also supports higher efficiency systems.

R-32

Relatively new to the HVAC market, R-32 is gaining popularity due to its lower global warming potential (GWP) and high energy efficiency. Some newer air conditioning systems are specifically designed to use this refrigerant.

R-134A and Others

While typically associated with automotive air conditioning systems, some split systems and smaller appliances still make use of R-134A. However, like its counterparts, it’s gradually being replaced by greener options.

When choosing a new air conditioning system or heat pump, it’s crucial to consider the type of refrigerant it uses. Opting for environmentally-friendly refrigerants like R-410A or R-32 can help reduce your system’s impact on the planet while potentially saving you money on energy costs.

Signs You Might Need a Refrigerant Recharge

Refrigerant doesn’t “get used up” in the cooling process, but your system can lose refrigerant due to leaks or damage. Here are some telltale signs that your system might be low on refrigerant and in need of a recharge:

💨 Your System Is Blowing Warm Air

When refrigerant levels are too low, your AC may lose its ability to cool air effectively. This can result in lukewarm or even warm air coming from your vents, rather than the cool air you’re expecting.

💡 Higher Energy Bills

Without enough refrigerant, your system has to work harder to maintain a comfortable temperature, leading to skyrocketing energy usage and costs.

❄️ Ice on the Evaporator Coils

Low refrigerant levels often cause your evaporator coils to freeze over. This isn’t something you can simply wipe away – it’s an indication of a much deeper cooling issue.

🫧 Hissing or Bubbling Noises

Hissing or bubbling sounds may point to refrigerant leaks in your system. These noises occur when refrigerant escapes through small cracks or holes in the refrigerant lines.

⏰ Extended Cooling Cycles

Does it feel like your AC or heat pump is running longer than it should to cool your home? This could be due to insufficient refrigerant levels preventing it from reaching the desired temperature efficiently.

If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to have your system checked by a professional HVAC technician. Attempting to recharge refrigerant without addressing the source of a leak could lead to bigger issues down the road.

How to Recharge AC Refrigerant (Step-by-Step Guide for Professionals)

While charging or refilling refrigerant is not a DIY-friendly project, here’s what the process looks like when handled by a trained HVAC professional:

Step 1: Diagnose the Issue

The technician first inspects your air conditioning or heat pump for obvious leaks or damage. Specialized tools like refrigerant pressure gauges are used to measure current refrigerant levels.

Step 2: Identify and Repair Leaks

If a leak is detected, the technician seals it before recharging the system. Skipping this step can lead to continual refrigerant loss and system inefficiency.

Step 3: Add the Correct Refrigerant

Using an EPA-certified refrigerant cylinder, the technician carefully adds the appropriate amount and type of refrigerant your air conditioning system requires. Overcharging or undercharging refrigerant can damage your unit, making this step critical.

Step 4: Test the System

Once recharged, the technician runs your air conditioner or heat pump to ensure it’s working properly and cooling efficiently.

By maintaining the optimal amount of refrigerant, you can improve your system’s performance, longevity, and overall energy efficiency.

Preventing Refrigerant Leaks and Ensuring a Healthy HVAC System

Being proactive about HVAC maintenance can save you time and money in the long run. Here are a few tips to help you prevent refrigerant leaks and extend the life of your system:

• Schedule regular HVAC maintenance to catch small issues before they turn into big problems.
• Keep the outdoor condenser unit clean and free from debris to prevent damage to refrigerant lines.
• Replace old systems that rely on outdated refrigerants like R-22 with newer, more efficient models.
• Use a programmable thermostat to reduce strain on your system and maintain a consistent indoor climate.

Taking these simple steps can help minimize the chances of refrigerant leaks while ensuring your home stays cool and comfortable all summer long.

Choose Monarch Heating and Cooling for Your AC Needs

When it comes to maintaining your HVAC system, trust the team with years of expertise, reliable service, and a commitment to quality. At Monarch Heating and Cooling, we pride ourselves on keeping our community’s air conditioning and heat pump systems in top shape, ensuring homes remain comfortable year-round.

Whether you’re experiencing refrigerant leaks, need a recharge, or want to upgrade to a modern energy-efficient system, our skilled technicians have you covered.

Don’t wait for summer to take action; contact Monarch Heating and Cooling to stay ahead of the heat!